Film Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner Essay - 1750 Words

Film: Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner Joanna Drayton returns unexpectedly from Hawaii to announce her engagement to an intelligent, accomplished, world traveling doctor. The only problem with the intended union is that he is African American and she is white. The Drayton’s come face to face with their own principles and realize that their daughter is the way they brought her up to be – non-prejudicial. Turmoil and anxiety ensue as Joanna insists that her parents give their approval by the end of the night. A dinner with both sets of parents follows, where the parents must come to terms with the bi-racial marriage. This film gives an insightful look into the realities of interracial marriage and proves to be useful in examining the†¦show more content†¦Parents, religious groups, as well as peer groups can all be teachers of culture. Tillie, the housekeeper, had a surprising reaction to the situation at hand. When she hears the news of the marriage she pulls John aside and makes several disturbing comments. The first was about, â€Å"a member of my own race getting above hisself,† and â€Å"civil rights is one thing, this something else.† Her behavior depicts that she could of been brought up to believe that the white race was above the black race. Her response was different from that of the two sets of parents, whom only seemed concerned due to the external problems the union would induce. Interpersonal communication tends to be a series of punctuated events. Punctuation is the tendency to divide communication transactions into sequences of stimuli and responses. Usually people punctuate continuous sequences of events into stimuli and responses to make a situation more convenient. How a person punctuates, or interprets a situation is crucial to interpersonal understanding. John is a practical, intelligent man and foresees the problems that may arise from their interracial marriage. He understands Joanna’s parents fears and concerns for their daughter’s welfare. He agrees not to go through with the marriage unless they approve. He loves Joanna and desires to marry her, however he doesn’t want her to do damage to her relationship with her parents in the process. The twoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Film Analysis Guess Who and Guess Whos Coming to Dinner1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hollywood movie Guess Who (2005) is a remake of Guess Whos Coming to Dinner (1967). Both films premises are about the same situation of an interracial marriage. The original revolved around a daughter bringing her black fiancà ©e to meet her white middle class family. This was a touchy and even controversial subject in 1967 but the film became an award winner. The 2005 update switches the roles around and with a stroke of genius we now have a white fiancà ©e meeting a black family. PersonallyRead More Film analysis Guess Who and Guess whos comming to dinner Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages The Hollywood movie â€Å"Guess Who† (2005) is a remake of â€Å"Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner† (1967). Both film’s premises are about the same situation of an interracial marriage. The original revolved around a daughter bringing her black fiancà ©e to meet her white middle class family. This was a touchy and even controversial subject in 1967 but the film became an award winner. The 2005 update switches the roles around and with a stroke of genius we now have a white fiancà ©e meeting a black family. PersonallyRead MoreGuess whos coming to dinner2087 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Equality for All Stanley Kramer’s film, Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, is about an interracial marriage between a black man and a white woman as well as the generational divide between the alarmed parents of both races and the optimistic young couple. There are aspects of the film that can be construed as progressive and influential for the era, the film more accurately serves as a reflection of the larger socio-political context of 1960’s America in regards to both attitudes of antagonism and acceptanceRead MoreGuess Who s Coming At Dinner Directed By Stanley Kramer1310 Words   |  6 PagesGuess Who’s Coming to Dinner directed by Stanley Kramer is a controversial movie from the late 1960’s. The premise of the film is a young white woman named Joey Drayton (Katharine Houghton); who falls in love with an older African American Doctor John Prentice, (Sidney Poitier). The new loving couple meets in Hawaii and after ten days of knowing each other are engaged. Joanna D rayton sees no difference between her and John, she is in love and ready to marry her new fiancà ©, She insist he meet herRead MoreAmericas Reaction to a Mixed Race Couple517 Words   |  2 Pagescame into its own. The 1967 film, Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, produced by Columbia Pictures and directed by Stanley Kramer, depicts Joey Drayton (Katharine Houghton) and Dr. John Wade Prentice (Sidney Poitier) as a mixed race couple who leave Hawaii to go back to her family’s home to surprise her parents, Mr. Matt Drayton (Spencer Tracy) and Mrs. Christina Drayton (Katharine Hepburn) in San Francisco, California. Joey later invites Dr. Prentice’s parents to dinner who then fly in from Los AngelesRead MoreThes View Of Reality1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthat Sidney first encountered cinema (PBS.org). It is stated that, â€Å"even at a young age, Sidney recognized the ability of cinema to expand one’s view of reality† (PBS.org). It was in an interview th at, â€Å"Poitier later told Frank Spotnitz in American Film that his father had a wonderful sense of himself. Every time I took a part, from the first part, from the first day, I always said to myself, This must reflect well on his name (Notablebiographies.com). While living in the capital, Nassau, PoitierRead MoreThe Black Of Black And 70s1188 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter and culture has not always been a predominant figure in films like they are today. The display of the African American culture in film has progressed through the years. It has progressed by the change of racism displayed on screen, the character roles, and the emergence black figures and society in motion pictures. (How racism is depicted in the films- Black face-we would see it again) With movies such as Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, Shaft, Do The Right Thing, and Madea’s Family Reunion. PeopleRead MoreEvolution Of Racist Portrayals Of Film And Television1644 Words   |  7 Pages Prof. Eye. EN 101B November 27, 2014 Evolution of Racist Portrayals in Film and Television. The most common, if not one of the most common methods the morals and perceptions of American society are shaped is through our own storytellers in Hollywood. Filmmakers, writers, and producers for both cinema and television make it their career to create works that tell a compelling story. On occasion, American Society will be reflected in these works, which raises the question: do the works influence societyRead MoreThe Civil Rights And Black Power Movement2608 Words   |  11 Pagesof the Civil Rights/Black Power movement of the 60s. The two films that are being examined are Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (1967) and Nothing But A Man (1964). Both films feature African-American characters as more than subservient supporting cast members such as maids, and servants. It reflects America’s progressing social attitudes as a result of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. Throughout this paper, I will argue that films like the aforementioned reflect America’s c hanging social attitudesRead MoreRacism : A Social Problem And Controversial Issue Around The World Essay2108 Words   |  9 PagesYue Zheng Prof. Aili Bresnahan PHL 324 12/10/2016 Racism in Film Racism is a social problem and controversial issue around the world, which defines the different cultures, ethical principles, and values. These bring some deviances and conflicts to the different classes of people in the society. Also, a racial difference created an inherent superiority for a particular race and was a major factor to determine a person s traits and capacities including skin color, inherent culture, religion and

How Cryptography Is Defined As A Major Factor During Wars,...

The â€Å"Ignominious Tribe,† the worlds â€Å"second oldest profession,† these are both describing the same thing, the mysterious profession that lives in the shadows of history. Espionage. Governments fear it, yet it is always a major factor during wars, and it isn’t very well known by the general public. Men and women throughout history who have fought in secret positions during wars, often placed into positions of great danger. Why were they willing to risk so much for their countries? Profit? Honor? Adrenaline? There are many aspects of the art of espionage, from the necessary grunt work of field agents to the solid determination of cryptologists. Cryptography is defined as the art of writing and solving codes, a necessary practice for all sides involved in any major battle or power struggle, an example being World War II, where coding and cipher script were integral parts of the conflict, main factors of every win or loss. Without cryptography, some estimat e that the war would have lasted at least two years longer than it did, thus proving the necessary function of cryptography. In the following pages, the reader will learn a brief history of the evolution of cryptography, and how it was important in such major recent struggles as WWII. This form of espionage has been an integral part of history. Espionage has been recognized as an important part of all military affairs since the beginnings of recorded history. It began with, and still heavily relies upon, the various forms of

Implementation of Artificial Intelligence at Woolworths Limited

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence at Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction: Artificial intelligence has showcased exponential development in the past two decades capitalizing upon the development in computer science, operations research, nanotechnology and neuroscience. The convergence of several fields with an technology driven approach has presented with overwhelming possibilities in terms of benefits derived by end users along with high growth potential as an business opportunity. Woolworths Limited has the largest market share in retail sector of Australia with encapsulating nearly 80% of retail consumer base. Global retail giants such as Amazon tends to emphasize upon numerous sets consumer based researches in order to improvise upon the deliverables to be offered to its online visitors. The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) at Woolworths will improvise upon the companys comparative advantage both in terms of retention of Australian retail market along with overseas consumer base. The case study seeks to highlight different sets of AI applications that can potentially benefit the company in terms of improving retail experience for its consumers. The current sets of applications deployed by the company focuses towards presenting products online to a consumer based upon his/her sales history. However, AI can add numerous dimensions towards such recommendations through undertaking sentimental analysis and shifts in trends to come up with relevant searches. Problems addressed by Artificial Intelligence: The online retail experience of consumers tends to get affected owing to a large number of product alternatives available along with different sets of variant in each product segment. The paradox of choice results in aggravating of confusion of prospective consumers about to get their initial sets of retail shopping. Moreover, the search engines are not fine tuned in order to provide search results based upon consumers preferences. Consumers seek assistance progression of the kind that are not fully addressed by the present sets of measures available at Woolworths online retail sites. The marketing campaigns undertaken by the company currently employs large number of employees entrusted with promotional activities or outreach programs for its consumers. Moreover, the prevalence of non alignment between the actual tangible form of the product and its online representation through photographs and product details results in high rate of dissatisfaction amongst aggrieved clients. This is owing to the fact that such non alignment results towards the products not reaching the initial benchmark that has been set up by the clients. In terms of search engine optimization process inside the Woolworthss online stores, the company has to improvise upon bringing out relevant searches based upon the search term entered by the consumer coupled with his/her browsing history. AI can improve the search processes through personalized searches for each consumer that equates with their previous transactions with Woolworths Limited. In case of brick and mortar stores by Woolworths, the dissemination and communication of different sets of offers provided by the company towards targeted consumers requires precision in terms maintaining databases. AI can have positive implications both in terms of augmenting the consumer experience and streamlining the degree of sustainable growth in revenue for the company through error free maintenance of different sets of company operations. Potential benefits that can be derived using Artificial Intelligence: From the initiation of product search in the retail website to resolving of issues pertaining to logistics and delivery of such products to its end users, AI can function upon numerous set of parameters. Moreover, in order to optimize the transactions made by the consumers and assist the company towards improving its revenue generating capabilities through elevating the degree of customer satisfaction, the role of AI tends to be crucial. Through deployment of machine learning algorithm based programs that evolves based upon the data sets made available to it, better sets of predictions as regards to changing consumers preferences and online activity can be undertaken. Wenger (2014) states that machine learning programs are not application specific and tends to modify itself in accordance with the data made available to it and analyses the data structure in order to decide upon the degree of optimization. Artificial intelligence, through Reinforcement Learning can also contribute towa rds upgrading the security profile of the online site of Woolworths through heightening the degree of surveillance on suspicious activities on its network. Figure 1: Machine Intelligence (Source: Celent.com, 2016) Online retailing encompasses dissemination of sensitive financial information while putting forward a transaction for billing purposes. Thereby, the bank and credit card details has a significant probability of getting compromised with the advent of sophisticated malware. Artificial intelligence optimizes the existing security to such an extent through multilevel encryptions that malware and unwarranted programs ceases to persist (Bond Gasser, Eds, 2014).Moreover, through constant evolving of data functions and detailing of operational and infrastructural problems based upon the consumer grievances, help desk incidents and computer logs AI can significantly reduce probability of potential threats. AI has the potential to replace human shopping consultant through customizations of product options based upon the consumers behavioral analytics, sensitivity towards the different sets of products offered and up-gradations regarding emerging consumption trends. In terms of recruitment of employees by Woolworths, AI can improvise upon short listing of candidates based upon pre-programmed metrics such as previous work experience, reasoning skills, experience in sales. Further, due to the quantum of training procedure involved for sales staff along with progressive sets of skill acquired by an employee, turnover costs remains high. Implementing AI in recruiting reduces the probability of employee turnover owing to optimizing the selection process (Seibt, Hakli Nrskov, 2014).. Supply chain management remains an issue even for the global leaders in retailing, through algorithmic SCM technologies using data from machine learning both the inventory management and distribution can be automated in tune with the sales forecasts. Further, the stock out rates along with backorders that tends to affect the consumer retention rate significantly can be minimized efficiently through AI based forecast modeling. The effectiveness of different sets of market ing strategy can be gauged with precise sets of event timings and keywords that were used for such marketing campaign using machine learning techniques . Implementation of data modeling procedures in order to compute sales and revenue returns from different sets of discount offerings and promotional events pertaining to Woolworths and its market competitors can be undertaken using predictive analytics tools. Figure 2: Life cycle of AI installation (Source: Bond, A. H., Gasser, L. Eds., 2014) In case of decision making with regards to opening up of stores, data regarding demographics, income distribution amongst the local population, proximity to community events and proximity to nearby competitors can be evaluated by AI algorithmic game theory and data modeling. The recent success of AlphaGo, an AI developed by Google, over a professional player in a five match strategy game showcases the fact that AI can excel through Reinforced Learning and even excel human in terms of strategizing skills (News Blog | DeepMind. 2016). Thereby, implementation and developing a separate AI division that caters to different sets of retail management, supply chain configuration and customer relationship management through Deep Learning, Reinforced Learning and Natural Language Processing is imperative for Woolworths. Strategic plan: The initiation of implementing AI based technology requires reconfiguration of online metrics to facilitate merging of AI based resources onto the site metrics. The initial alignment between AI and the online site requires installation of additional sets of servers that tends to accommodate addition sets of random access memory reconfiguration. The high growth prospects in artificial intelligence along with the applicability in terms of collecting and synthesizing behavioral analytics data results towards exponential augmentation of revenue generating capability. The investment scaling taking into consideration the demand and sales estimates can be implemented through AI applications that will seek to evaluate probable constraints to such escalations. Moreover, the scaling of information network security through implementing machine learning into the system servers will aggravate the detection rate of malware previously undetected into the system. Figure 3: AI installation into corporate lifecycle (Source: News Blog | DeepMind., 2016) The company should initially undertake installation of IBM Watson on to its networks, prior to which it requires to recalibrate its existing IT infrastructure. The installation of bandwidth extension has to be initiated for peripherals coupled with expansion of cloud based services in order to provide the basis augmentation. The recruitment of system engineers and computer science doctorates on to the AI team shall facilitate towards dissecting different the underpinnings of neutral networks that tends to operate the AI. Further, only cost minimization of existing facilities cannot be the sole source of covering installation costs. There ought to be a source of cash inflow in order to further capitalize upon the RD and AI expenditures that are to be incurred by the company. Figure 4: Global revenue forecasts from Artificial Intelligence (Source: Artificial Intelligence for Enterprise Applications | Tractica. 2016) Thereby, the company should outsource its cloud based services onto other minor companies that are technology driven but do not have the adequate infrastructure to utilize the latest developments in the field of Artificial Intelligence. For instance, the company may seek to provide AI services to the different sets of transportation and healthcare companies for which AI system can provided larger breakthroughs in terms of providing cutting edge healthcare facilities coupled with improvement in the success rate of surgeries followed up gradation of transport routes or streamlining the logistical system in order to facilitate better returns for both the companies. Moreover, the insights gained from such a large consumer bases that Woolworths presently encapsulates in the 14 different economies that the company operates in. The company, owing to high degree of market exposure, can improvise towards providing highly valuable behavioral, preference and consumption patterns to different se ts of consumables and beverage manufacturers. Further, such insights can also be valuable towards providing highly consumer driven AI inputs. The above table showcases the fact that Asia Pacific region- the region where the majority of Woolworths business operations are undertaken has been forecasted to generate highest revenues by providing AI services. Thereby, Woolworths can capitalize heavily upon its access to consumers decision making metrics in order to facilitate cash inflows into the project. Project Analysis: CoCComputation of Total Expenditurempu Particulars A$ ('00) IBM Watson Installation 20,000 Development of AI Prototype 65,000 Recruitment of Software Engineers for AI Division 20,000 Development of existing IT Infrastructure 35,000 Expansion of cloud computing services 18,000 Installation of machine learning peripherals 7,500 Total Expenses 165,500 Table 1: Computation of initial cash flow (Source: As created by the author) Computation of NPV Cash Flow Cumulative cash flow Disccunted cash flow Year 0 -165500 1 Year 1 42000 (123,500.00) 0.892857 37,500.00 Year 2 47000 (76,500.00) 0.797194 37,468.11 Year 3 53000 (23,500.00) 0.71178 37,724.35 Year 4 64000 40,500.00 0.635518 40,673.16 Year 5 72000 112,500.00 0.567427 40,854.73 194,220.36 NPV 28,720.36 Table 2: Computation of Net Present Value (Source: As created by the author) The overall table mainly helps in depicting the NPV of the project, which might be helpful in making adequate investment decisions. In addition, the NPV of the project is mainly derived at 28720.36, which mainly indicates the efficiency of the project. In this context, Seibt, Hakli Nrskov (2014) mentioned that with the help fop NPV companies are able to determine the current value of the future cash flows by eliminating the time gap. On the other hand, Glymour, Scheines Spirtes (2014) criticizes that NPV valuation mainly loses its friction during an economic crisis, where the income projected from a project could be reduced and hamper liquidity of the company. Furthermore, the discounting factor is mainly taken at 12%, which helps in depicting the adequate income, which helps in discounting the cash inflows generated from the project. In addition, the overall cumulative cash flow mainly presents that at the fourth year the investment money will be collected by the company. Furthermore, the main cash inflows are mainly projected from the data sales that will be conducted to the retailers regarding the purchase behavior of their customers. This software might help in generating higher predictive analysis for the retailers, which in turn might reduce the excess storage of inventory conducted by retailers. Conclusion The application of artificial intelligence in retailing operations can be multifaceted with the presence of different approaches presented through Machine Learning, Language Processing and Retention Learning. The different sets of approaches resolves issues pertaining to separate domains of the retail operations. The presence of large consumer base tends to bring newer sets of challenges in the realm of customer retention and CRM activities. The different sets of issues with regards to network security, security in terms of transactions and the issues pertaining to supply chain bottleneck followed by logistical delays can be mitigated through the process optimization activities undertaken by AI. Moreover, Machine Learning evolves over time in order to improvise upon the data sets provided in terms of consumer preferences that it could utilize over time to mitigate the different sets of activities. The company can provide the insights derived from continuous data up-gradation with regards to changing consumer preferences to facilitate better access to AI driven data that minor or small scale companies do not have the means to procure. Thereby, the cash inflow through sourcing of such insights lead towards resolving the issue pertaining to installation costs. The overall NPV of the project is mainly depicted at 2872036, which mainly helps in evaluating the viability of the project. In addition, with the help of NPV the company might effectively continue with the project and increase return from income. References: Artificial Intelligence for Enterprise Applications | Tractica. (2016). Tractica.com. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.tractica.com/research/artificial-intelligence-for-enterprise-applications/ Bond, A. H., Gasser, L. (Eds.). (2014).Readings in distributed artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. Brodie, M. L., Mylopoulos, J., Schmidt, J. W. (Eds.). (2012).On conceptual modelling: Perspectives from artificial intelligence, databases, and programming languages. Springer Science Business Media. Celent.com. (2016). Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://celent.com/system/files/ai_buyside_0.gif Cohen, P. R., Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014).The handbook of artificial intelligence(Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Faggella, D. (2016). Valuing the Artificial Intelligence Market, Graphs and Predictions for 2016 and Beyond. TechEmergence.com. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://techemergence.com/valuing-the-artificial-intelligence-market-2016-and-beyond/ Glymour, C., Scheines, R., Spirtes, P. (2014).Discovering causal structure: Artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, and statistical modeling. Academic Press. Helgason, H. P., Thrisson, K. R. (2012). Attention Capabilities for AI Systems. InICINCO (1)(pp. 281-286). Hovy, E., Navigli, R., Ponzetto, S. P. (2013). Collaboratively built semi-structured content and Artificial Intelligence: The story so far.Artificial Intelligence,194, 2-27. News Blog | DeepMind. (2016). DeepMind. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://deepmind.com/blog/ Seibt, J., Hakli, R., Nrskov, M. (2014). Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. Sotala, K. (2015, April). Concept learning for safe autonomous AI. In1st International Workshop on AI and Ethics, held within the 29th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2015). Michalski, R. S., Carbonell, J. G., Mitchell, T. M. (Eds.). (2013).Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach. Springer Science Business Media. Wenger, E. (2014).Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann.

The Harm Principle Essays - Philosophy, Ethics, Classical Liberalism

The Harm Principle The Harm Principle was first expressed by John Stuart Mill in his essay On Liberty, which sought to explain the circumstances in which the government should be able to administer punishment, and enforce the law. The principle seems very simple and attractive at first, however it may be this simplicity which is the principle's downfall. As a Utilitarian, Mill thought that through the freedom of expression and personal liberty that accompany the Harm Principle, we can produce the most happiness for the most number of people. However, because of its oversimplification and ambiguous themes, the Harm Principle can easily be used to sidestepped many actions most of us would assume to be immoral. It is because of these reasons that I will argue the Harm Principle does not properly account for the limits of the law without some crucial restrictions being placed on how it can be applied. The Harm Principle, in its most basic form, states that it is only permissible for the government to interfere in the actions of individuals when those actions cause harm to other individuals. This is a very brief explanation however; the principle becomes much more complicated when we start asking questions like "how do we define harm?", or "how should we enforce laws surrounding potential harm?" Mill includes some exceptions to the principle, for example, it does not apply to anyone who does not have "mature faculties," as Mill puts it. This group would include children, the mentally disabled, and any "non-civilized" societies. Mill also describes a few other conditions to the harm principle. He states that we are able to consent to harm, to a certain extent, with activities like boxing or dangerous professions. This consent to harm only extends to a certain degree however; if we consent to having our liberty taken away (i.e. slavery), Mill thinks that this deprivation of freedom would inhibit people from living as they wish. This freedom to live life however one pleases, so long as it does not interfere with anyone else, would lead to different ways of living, different ways of thinking, and ultimately, the production of the most good for the most amount of people. This individuality is what makes us humans; it is what compels us to try new and different things and allows us to broaden our horizons of the world. Aside from actions, Mill also argues that individuals should be free to think however they choose to, and believe whatever they wish to believe. He maintains that the truth itself is "living" or dynamic, and that by allowing people to question things and have right or wrong opinions, we can better hone in on the absolute truth. According to Mill, by allowing for multiple competing opinions, we can debate, reason, and modify the truth in order to produce the most happiness. By learning which ideas are correct and which are incorrect, we can better understand the issue in question. Mill believed humans are not infallible, and that the truth and human error go hand-in-hand. Mill also discussed the harm that can be caused by inaction and claimed, "[a] person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury." Mill believed that it is our duty to save other's lives and protect those who cannot protect themselves. He argued that we should be held responsible by society for not doing so, even though we are not directly harming them. This idea sheds light on the ambiguity of the Harm Principle. To what extent can we say that individuals have a duty to prevent others from harm? Is someone who spends their dollar on a coffee rather than donating it to a trustworthy charity causing indirect harm? This is a problem for the principle and seems to suggest that Mill favours a version of the theory that prevents harm, rather than one that prevents someone from doing harm. Most people agree, excluding Devlin, that there are principled and substantive limits to the law. The law can only extend so far before it becomes counterproductive. According to Mill, the law should be limited to cases